On 14 June, countries worldwide celebrate World Blood Donor Day. All over the world, there is an urgent need for more people to become lifesavers by volunteering to donate blood regularly.
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1930
Human blood groups were discovered in 1901 by Karl Landsteiner, later awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
See all Nobel Laureates in Physiology or Medicine 1901-2018 and read about why they were awarded the Nobel Prize.
Copyright © Nobel Media. Photo: Alexander Mahmoud
Explore and learn
Marie Curie harnessed the promise of radioactivity. Rita Levi-Montalcini redefined how our bodies work. Tu Youyou’s breakthrough malaria treatment saved the lives of millions around the world. Women who changed science celebrates and explores the lives of the remarkable women who have been awarded Nobel Prizes for their scientific achievements.
Match with a female Nobel Laureate
Nineteen inspiring stories
Nobel Prize Dialogue Madrid 2019
How long will we live? How long can we afford to live? How long should we live? These are just some of the questions that was addressed at Nobel Prize Dialogue in Madrid, Spain. Nobel Laureates, the world's leading scientists, key opinion leaders, policy makers, different interest groups and the general public joined in a stimulating discussion.
Nobel Prize Dialogue, Madrid.
© Nobel Media. Photo: Dan Lepp
Nobel Prize Concert
Renowned conductor Herbert Blomstedt will lead the Royal Stockholm Philharmonic Orchestra at the Concert Hall Stockholm on 8 December.
Tickets are now on sale at Konserthuset, Stockholm.
Herbert Blomstedt.
Photo: © Martin U.K. Lengemann
Chemistry Laureate Frances Arnold about motivation
When you come to the fork in the road, take it!
Some motivational words from 2018 Chemistry Laureate Frances Arnold.
Coming up
Physiology or Medicine - Monday 7 October, 11:30 a.m. at the earliest
Physics - Tuesday 8 October, 11:45 a.m. at the earliest
Chemistry - Wednesday 9 October, 11:45 a.m. at the earliest
Literature - Thursday 10 October, 1:00 p.m. at the earliest
The Swedish Academy will announce the Nobel Prize in Literature for both 2018 and 2019.
Peace - Friday 11 October, 11:00 a.m.
Economic Sciences - Monday 14 October, 11:45 a.m. at the earliest
Times listed are local time in Sweden and Norway.
All announcements will be streamed live here.
Recently published
Nobel Prize nominations
The Norwegian Nobel Committee received 301 candidates for the 2019 Nobel Peace Prize. 78 of these are organizations.
No person can nominate herself/himself for a Nobel Prize. But who can? And how are these persons chosen?
In his last will and testament, Alfred Nobel specifically designated the institutions responsible for the prizes he wished to be established.
Search among the names of the nominees and nominators, as well as additional information about the nominations 1901-1966.
2019 - International Year of the Periodic Table
"There's antimony, arsenic, aluminium ..."
To celebrate the International Year of the Periodic Table, let's take a look back at the time 2003 Chemistry Laureate Peter Agre sang the ‘The elements’ to an audience in St Petersburg, Russia.
2018 Nobel Prizes
The 2018 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded with one half to Arthur Ashkin "for the optical tweezers and their application to biological systems" and the other half jointly to Gérard Mourou and Donna Strickland "for their method of generating high-intensity, ultra-short optical pulses".
© Johan Jarnestad / The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
The 2018 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded with one half to Frances H. Arnold "for the directed evolution of enzymes" and the other half jointly to George P. Smith and Sir Gregory P. Winter "for the phage display of peptides and antibodies."
© Johan Jarnestad / The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
The 2018 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded jointly to James P. Allison and Tasuku Honjo "for their discovery of cancer therapy by inhibition of negative immune regulation."
© The Nobel Committee for Physiology or Medicine. Illustrator: Mattias Karlén
The 2018 Nobel Peace Prize was awarded jointly to Denis Mukwege and Nadia Murad "for their efforts to end the use of sexual violence as a weapon of war and armed conflict."
Denis Mukwege and Nadia Murad
Ill. Niklas Elmehed. © Nobel Media
The 2018 Prize in Economic Sciences was divided equally between William D. Nordhaus "for integrating climate change into long-run macroeconomic analysis" and Paul M. Romer "for integrating technological innovations into long-run macroeconomic analysis."
© Johan Jarnestad / The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
904 individuals and 24 organizations have been awarded Nobel Prizes so far. See the full list of all Nobel Laureates, awarded for "the benefit of humankind".
May-Britt Moser receiving her Nobel Prize from His Majesty King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden.
Copyright © Nobel Media AB 2014, Photo: Niklas Elmehed
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Alfred Nobel - Established the Nobel Prize
On 27 November 1895, Alfred Nobel signed his last will in Paris, France. The Swedish dynamite millionaire, who thought that his invention would end all wars, had now realised that it was a very deadly product. Wanting to make amends, he did what no man of such wealth had done before ...
On 10 December 1901 the first Nobel Prizes were awarded, in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature and peace. Read more about the first prizes.
Chemist, engineer and industrialist Alfred Nobel left 31 million SEK (today about 265 million dollar) to fund the Nobel Prizes. Read more about his life and work.
Nobel destinations
Stockholm, Sweden
The museum showcases the discoveries and creativity of the Nobel Laureates.
Photo: Åke Eson Lindman
Oslo, Norway
The story of each Peace Laureate is told at the museum.
Photo: Johannes Granseth / Nobel Peace Center
In memoriam
Physics Laureate Murray Gell-Mann passed away on 24 May. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for his contributions and discoveries concerning the classification of elementary particles and their interactions.
Paul Greengard passed away on 13 April. He was awarded the 2000 Medicine Prize for his discovery of how dopamine and a number of other transmitters exert their action in the nervous system. Paul Greengard was 93 years old.
David J. Thouless was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics 2016. His discoveries have brought about breakthroughs in the theoretical understanding of matter’s mysteries.
Medicine Laureate Sydney Brenner, awarded for his discoveries concerning the genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death, passed away on 5 April, age 92.
